Sterility in women

The human reproductive system is very complex. In order for a woman to become pregnant, the processes of ovulation and fertilization must be fully preserved. The most common causes of infertility in women are: - Fallopian tube damage or obstruction. It most often occurs as a result of inflammation of the fallopian tubes (salpingitis). The most common cause is Chlamydia, a sexually transmitted bacterium, whose infection can go unnoticed and without pain or fever. Fallopian tube damage can prevent a fertilized egg from reaching the uterus and can lead to an ectopic pregnancy. Complete obstruction of the fallopian tubes prevents the spermatozoa from even reaching the egg and fertilizing it. - Endometriosis. When the tissue of the uterus is found outside the uterus (most often in the fallopian tubes or ovaries), which disrupts the work of the ovaries and uterus and reduces the patency of the fallopian tubes. These tissue implants respond to the hormonal cycle by growing or bleeding according to the menstrual cycle, causing inflammation and scarring. Women with endometriosis often experience sterility as well as pain in the small abdomen. - Ovulation disorders. In some cases, sterility is caused by an ovulation disorder. Even a small disturbance in the hormones that lead to ovulation (LH and FSH) can lead to reduced fertility or sterility. They most often occur in the case of a head injury, tumor, excessive physical exercise or excessive smoothing. - Increased prolactin level. Prolactin is a hormone that stimulates milk production. High prolactin levels in non-pregnant or lactating women can disrupt ovulation. The appearance of milk in the breast can be the first sign of increased prolactin levels. - Polycystic ovaries (PCOS). Polycystic ovaries occur when the body produces too many androgenic hormones that also affect ovulation. - Early menopause. Early menopause is the cessation of menstruation and the disappearance of follicles before the age of thirty-five. Most often, the cause is unknown, although it is associated with radiation and chemotherapy, diseases of the immune system and smoking. - Other causes. Other causes include: fibroids, growths, various medications, problems with the thyroid gland (hypo and hyperthyroidism), tumors and their treatment, Cushing's disease, HIV, kidney disease, excessive caffeine intake, etc.